What is internet?

The internet is a worldwide network of networks which is also known as net. The internet is the common language which able to communicate with each other using a standard set of protocols as WAN (Wide Area Network). The father of internet is J.C.R. LickLider.

History of internet: -

          The internet is the world’s largest computer network which works in all over the world. It was created as a project for the U.S Department of defense. The internet has rules in the US military which founded a network in 1969 is called ARPANET (Advance Research Projects Administration Network). Later it was replaced by the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) by the let 1980. The internet has manually developed by the military but after 1980 make available for the general public.

Internet requirements: -

At a way basic level a user needs the following to access the internet: -

Ø Operating system: Windows XP, Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8

Ø Processor: Second generation Intel Core or compatible CPU (or higher). Win 7 (1 GHz), Win XP (300MHz), Vista (1.5 GHz)

Ø Memory (RAM): 1GB (minimum)

Ø Free Hard Drive Space: 20GB (minimum)

Ø Network Capability: Ethernet card or WiFi

Ø Browser: IE 9.x or higher, Firefox 28x or higher, Chrome 33.x or higher

Ø Graphics: XVGA (1024x768) or higher

Ø Other: CD/DVD drive required (sound card and speakers recommended)

Inter Access Account: -

Ø VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited)

Ø MTNL (Mahanagar  Telecom Nigam Limited)

Ø Satyam

Ø Airtel

Ø Siffy

Ø Idea

Ø Tata Indicom

Ø Reliance

Ø BSNL

ISP (Internet Service Provider): -An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides Internet access by using copper, fiber, or even satellite communications to the customer.

                            Individual computer can establish the connection with ISP’s servers. It requires a user name and a password restriction to connect to the main server. Direct cable connection and dialup networking (using telephone lines and modem) are the way to connect your machine to ISP’s servers.

Telephone line: -The telephone line is the existing voice line for dial up connection. Telephone line which carry special feature like call waiting etc. may cause problems for modem connection.

Modem: -A Modem(Modulator-Demodulator) is a hardware device that allows a computer to send and receive data over a telephone line or a cable or satellite connection

Software Requirement: -

Ø Communication software for conventional dial up

Ø Web browser of browsing (Viewing information on the www)

Ø E-Mail software for sending and receiving electronic mail.

World Wide Web: -World Wide Web and the internet are not the same but they related and interdependent. World Wide Web is a huge collection of pages of information linked to each other around the globe. WWW invented by Tim Berners Lee in 1989.

Web Pages: -The term page refers to nothing more than a World Wide Web document. A web page is accessed by entering a URL address and may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages and files.

Web site: -Web site is collection of interlinked web pages under a single domain name. Web site contains hyperlinks to each other and made available online by an individual, company, educational, government or organization.

Home Pages: -Homes page is the first pages on the websites which display many type of instructions and contains with the related web site.

Web Server: -Web server is a type of computer that runs websites. The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to the users using HTTP.

Web servers consist of special Hardware and Software that makes it possible to carry out browser request.

Web Browser: - The web browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display contents on the world wide web. It is a type of program that your computers run and communicate with web server on the internet which access any type of pages and display the web pages that client request.

          There are some web browsers available: -

Ø Microsoft Internet Explorer

Ø Netscape Navigator

Ø Google Chrome

Uniform Resource Locator: -The technique used to address document on the web is called the URL. The URL provides an addressing scheme which allows the browser to request about any document or web page locates anywhere on the internet.

A URL normally takes the form:

<Protocol>://<web server name>/<directory name>/<file name>

Ø www.icaedu.co.in

Ø www.google.com

E-Mail

Email: Email (Electronic Mail) is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronics. User can send and received text, images, graphic and other object through email. Today it is the best way to communicate with others in all over the world.

Advantage of E-Mail: -When we use E-Mail then we can send and receive the information very quickly. We can send the information to all over the world very easily. The entire business person uses the E-Mailing to fax any information. There are some advantages of E-Mail.

Ø E-Mail is cost effective communication medium. The cost of communication as nothing with the distance or the size of the message.

Ø E-Mail can send and receive anywhere in the globe in a matter of seconds. It is a different matter your recipient may not logged on to receive your message at the instant.

Ø A unique advantage of E-Mail communication is its “re-usability”.

Understanding an Email: - We understand an E-Mail address in two different ways.

a)     User: -Who send the message to the second user.

b)    Fully qualified domain controller: -Which is also known as server who received the message.

Understanding an E-Mail message: -                   

All E-Mail messages have the following components: -

Ø A recipient address or “to”

Ø A sender’s address or from

Ø A subject where the subject may be left blanks. Providing a subject considered as good mail etiquette.

Ø The body of the message.

There are many additional contain to understanding and E-Mail message.

Ø A list of CC: -It stands for carbon copy that means when you send a message to recipients and visible to all other recipients.

Ø A list of BCC: -It stands for blind carbon copy that means when you send a message to many people but without visible everyone the whole list.

 

Ø Attached: -This option is used for attached many type of files to your E-Mail address which the purpose of sending multiple information.

Ø Signature: -It is used to add signature in the end of the message and send the message with sign to other person.

Ø Subject: -The subject of your email that means identifing the purpose of messages you send to to others.