Journal
Journal
is a primary book of account in which all transaction of a business are
recorded systematically date-wise.
Like:- sales transaction, purchase
transaction, receipt transaction, payment transaction, return transaction, etc.
OR
The word journal has been derived from the French word
"Jour" Jour means day. So, journal means daily. Transactions are
recorded daily in journal and hence it has named so. As soon as a transaction
takes place its debit and credit aspects are analyzed and first of all recorded
chronologically (in the order of their occurrence) in a book together with its
short description. This book is known as journal. Thus we see that the most
important function of journal is to show the relationship between the two accounts
connected with a transaction. This facilitates writing of ledger. Since
transactions are first of all recorded in journal, so it is called book of original entry or
prime entry or primary entry or preliminary entry, or first entry.
Recording
a transaction in a journal is called journal entry or journalizing.
Journal
has the following features:
Journal is the first successful
step of the double entry system. A transaction is recorded first of all in
the journal. So, journal is called the book of original entry.
A transaction is recorded on the
same day it takes place. So, journal is also called a day book.
Transactions are recorded
chronologically. So, journal is called chronological book.
For each transaction the names of
the two concerned accounts indicating which is debited and which is
credited, are clearly written into consecutive lines. This makes ledger -
posting easy. That is why journal is called "assistant to
ledger" or "subsidiary book".
Narration is written below each
entry.
The amount is written in the last
two columns - debit amount in debit column and credit amount in credit
column.
To
give correct knowledge of every transaction.
Helpful
in setting all disputesAdvantage of Journal
The
following are the advantages of journal:
Each transaction is recorded as
soon as it takes place. So there is no possibility of any transaction
being omitted from the books of account.
Since the transactions are kept
recorded in journal chronologically with narration, it can be easily
ascertained when and why a transaction has taken place.
For each and every transaction
which of the two concerned accounts will be debited and which account
credited, are clearly written in journal. So, there is no possibility of
committing any mistake in writing the ledger.
Since all the details of
transactions are recorded in journal, it is not necessary to repeat them
in ledger. As a result ledger is kept tidy and brief.
Journal shows the complete story
of a transaction in one entry.Any mistake in ledger can be
easily detected with the help of journal.
Format of Journal
Date
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Particular
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LF
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Debit
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Credit
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Total
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There are five Column In Journal:-
v Date
v Particular
v L.F.
[Ledger Folio (page)]
v Dr.
Amount
v Cr.
Amount
Date:- In this column, we enter the
date of transaction.
Particular:- In this column, we write transaction in the form
of debit and credit.
L.F.(Ledger
Folio):- In this column, we enter the page number when you
posting ledger.
Credit
Amount:- In this amount, we enter the credit amount of
transaction.
Debit
Amount:- In this column, we enter debit amount of transaction.
Ex.
Journalize the following transaction.
July 2016
v
July 1 Started business with cash of ₹. 10000
v
July 2
Withdraw cash for personal use of ₹ 3000
v
July 4 Bought
goods from Shyam of ₹ 7000 by cash.
v
July 6
Purchase goods from Rohit of ₹ 8000
v
July 8 Sold
goods to Raju for cash of ₹ 4000
v
July 10 Sold
goods to Chandan of ₹ 5000
v
July 15 Paid
wages to workman of ₹ 1000
v
July 19 Rent
paid to landlord of ₹ 500
v
July 21 Salary
paid to staff of ₹ 300
v
July 25
Commission paid to agent of ₹ 200
v
July 27 interest received from Mayank of ₹ 1000
v
July 28
Received from Chandan of ₹ 5000
v
July 30 Rent
received of ₹ 100
v
July 31 Paid
to Rohit of ₹ 8000
Journal entry in the book of ----------------------